Particle Residence Time in pulsatile post-stenotic flow
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Particle Residence Time (PRT), a measure of a fluid element’s transit time through a region of interest, is a clear indicator of recirculation. The PRT of fluid recirculating downstream of an idealized stenosis geometry is found to vary dramatically under pulsatile flow conditions. Two-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry is used to track particles directly as they exit the stenosis geometry and are entrained into the region of recirculation immediately downstream. A Lagrangian approach permits long pathlines to be drawn, describing each particle’s motion from the instant they enter the domain. PRT along each pathline is compared here for three mean Reynolds numbers; specifically, Rem = 4800, 9600, and 14 400. The pulsatile waveforms are characterized by Strouhal numbers of 0.04, 0.08, and 0.15 and amplitude ratios of 0.50 and 0.95. As the mean Reynolds number is increased, higher fluid velocities are shown to lower PRT. However, the strength of PRT is truly revealed when highlighting the influence pulsatility has on the degree of mixing beyond the stenosis throat. Higher Strouhal numbers correlate with roll-up across the shear layer and increased PRT distribution at all Reynolds numbers in consideration. Similarly, strong temporal velocity gradients generated by a high amplitude ratio carry large volumes of fluid from the jet deep into the recirculation region, contributing to greater PRT.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".