Bibliographic record
Abstract
This mixed, single-double blind study examined the effect of a stepwise increase in vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) on the isometric strength of cervical flexor and deltoid muscles in 20 asymptomatic females with deep bite (age range 20-40 years). Vertical dimension of occlusion was increased by mandibular acrylic bite plates , 2, 4, 6 and 12mm. Subjects were instructed to bite while resisting: 1. an increasing horizontal force was applied to the forehead; and 2. an increasing vertical downward force to the wrist of each extended arm. Forces were applied by a hand-held strain gauge until resistance yielded. The force applied at the point of yielding was recorded as isometric peak strength of that trial. The peak strength for each muscle group was measured twice and averaged to produce a mean peak strength measure. This procedure was repeated in the subject’s habitual occlusion and for the four increased VDOs. Mean strength of cervical flexors with increased VDO (12.0 kg) was significantly greater than that for existing vertical dimension occlusion (9.6 kg). With the exception of preexperimental existing VD of occlusion, strength for right and left deltoids did not differ, but mean deltoid strength in the increased condition (8.6 kg) was significantly greater than biting in without a bite plate (6.6 kg). In the peak condition, cervical flexor strength increased 24% and deltoid strength increased an average of 29% from that of biting without an increase. As VDO increased further, strength in all sites was found to diminish. Repeating the strength test without a bite plate, after all trials were administered, did not show differences from pre-experimental levels, indicating that fatigue was not an important factor. The findings demonstrate that isometric strength of the cervical flexors and deltoids increases significantly from habitual occlusion as the VDO is increased, then diminishes as VDO is increased further. The strength of both cervical flexors and deltoids varied in concert with changes of VDO.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".