Stable isotope niche convergence in coexisting native and non-native salmonids across age classes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Niche divergence resulting from coevolution is commonly believed to favour coexistence among competing species; however, recent investigations have demonstrated that an unexpected niche convergence can occur when native and non-native species coexist. Yet, our understanding of the ontogenetic characteristics of this niche convergence remains limited. In the present study, we quantified the stable isotope niche of native brown trout (Salmo trutta) in allopatry and sympatry with non-native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) across four age classes. Our results demonstrated that brown trout displayed a stable isotope niche closer to brook trout in sympatry than in allopatry, which was likely driven by an increased consumption of terrestrial invertebrates by sympatric brown trout. Stable isotope niche overlap was the strongest for young-of-the-year individuals and the intensity of overlap between sympatric native brown trout and non-native brook trout decreased during ontogeny. These findings indicate that niche convergence between the species occur at the earliest age class of the native species and are maintained across ontogeny.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".