Long Term Effects of Low Dose Radiation Exposure During Late Gestation on Cardiac Metabolism and Oxidative Stress
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An adverse in utero environment can result in fetal programming that can manifest as diseases later in life. Ionizing radiation (IR) is known to cause detrimental fetal programming especially during organogenesis. High doses of radiation cause severe cellular damage that can lead to mortality, however, the physiological effects of low dose radiation are not fully understood. This study examines the effect of low to non‐lethal radiation exposure during late gestation on cardiac metabolism and oxidative stress in adult mice. Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 50, 300, or 1000mGy of gamma radiation or were sham irradiated on gestational day 15. At 4 months of age, 18 FDG uptake was observed using PET imaging as an indicator of cardiac glucose uptake. Western blot was used to determine changes in 4‐hydroxynonenal adduct formation, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) protein expression and catalase, SOD and GPx enzyme activity was measured. Both male and female irradiated pups had lower body weights when compared to the sham group. Female pups receiving 1000mGy in utero , demonstrated a significant increase in 18 FDG uptake and increased glycogen storage compared to sham group. However, female pups receiving 50mGy IR did not show a significant difference in 18 FDG uptake or glycogen storage when compared to sham. Male pups did not exhibit increased 18 FDG uptake, however at 50 and 300mGy IR there was decreased glycogen storage compared to sham. The reduced/oxidized glutathione redox ratio, a marker of oxidative stress, was significantly decreased in the female 300mGy and 1000mGy groups compared to sham but there was no change in males. We conclude that non‐lethal doses of radiation during late gestation can alter glucose uptake and storage as glycogen as well as oxidative status in female off‐spring. These data provide evidence that non‐lethal doses of radiation during the third trimester alter cardiac metabolism later in life and sex may have a role in fetal programming. Support or Funding Information This work was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and by our industry partner, Bruce Power.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".