Localization of NUCB2/Nesfatin‐3/Nesfatin‐1 in Normal and Inflamed Human and Mouse Lungs, and Human Neutrophils
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nesfatin‐1 regulates hunger and fat storage and is produced in the hypothalamus of mammals. Nucleobindin2 (NUCB2)/nesfatin‐1 protein expression in human plasma positively correlates with expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) suggesting its potential role in lung inflammation. However, we still don’t precisely know the expression of NUCB2/nesfatin‐1 in lungs and neutrophils. In this study, the expression of NUCB2/nesfatin‐3/nesfatin‐1 in normal and inflamed human and mouse lungs and neutrophils were examined with light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. Results from light microscopy showed that the localization of NUCB2/nesfatin‐1 in the pulmonary epithelium, alveolar septa, vascular endothelium and various immune cells does not change with inflammatory status. Electron microscopy revealed constitutive localization within the nucleus and cytoplasm of the aforementioned cells. Further, NUCB2/nesfatin‐1 accumulated within 0.5μm of the plasma membrane in human neutrophils following 90mins of 1ng/mL LPS stimulation. NUCB2/nesfatin‐3 was also found to localize in euchromatic portions of neutrophilic nuclei at 5 times the mean concentration compared to heterochromatin. Finally, our results indicate that NUCB2/nesfatin‐3 is predominantly cytoplasmic as it localizes at 2 times the concentration in neutrophilic cytoplasm compared to nucleus. Our study is the first to detail the localization of NUCB2/nesfatin‐1/nesfatin‐3 in lungs and neutrophils, and also implicate their potential role in transcriptional regulation. Support or Funding Information Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".