A Comparison of the Effects of Several Agents Found in Common Foodstuffs on Cholecystokinin‐induced Tension in Guinea Pig Gallbladder Strips
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
17beta‐estradiol (E2) has an inhibitory effect on the contractility of gastrointestinal smooth muscle, including the gallbladder. The inhibition of extracellular Ca 2+ entry mediated E2‐induced relaxation of either CCK‐ or KCl‐induced tension in male and female guinea pig gallbladder strips. Chrysin, an endocrine disrupter, and luteolin are flavones. Resveratrol is a non‐flavonoid phytoestrogen, quercetin a phytoestrogen, and curcumin a diarylheptanoid. All are natural constituents of common foodstuffs. All relaxed CCK‐induced tension in male guinea pig gallbladder strips. Luteolin, quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, and chrysin relaxed the CCK‐induced tension in the gallbladder strips by blocking extracellular Ca 2+ entry and intracellular Ca 2+ release. The effect of luteolin was also mediated by the PKA/cAMP system while quercetin also involved NO. In addition to the Ca 2+ effects, the effects of curcumin and chrysin involved the PKC system. The purpose of this study was to determine which of these agents was most potent in relaxing the CCK‐induced tension in gallbladder strips. Luteolin was the most potent (98.2±2.0%), chrysin (45.4±3.7%), resveratrol (41.1±4.0%), quercetin (42.9±3.0%), curcumin (39.4±4.0%), and E2 (64.5±2.3%) when using 50 mM of each agent. Luteolin had the largest effect at all the other concentrations used (10, 25, 50, and 100 mM) in relaxing CCK‐induced tension. Curcumin was the least potent. There was no significant difference in the amount of relaxation induced by chrysin, resveratrol, and quercetin were compared. The effect of E2 was second only to luteolin. Support or Funding Information This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not‐for‐profit sectors.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it