Growth Region Impacts Cell Wall Properties and Hard-to-Cook Phenotype of Canned Navy Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Cellular mechanisms underpinning the hard-to-cook phenomenon are poorly understood. Navy beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) from the same cultivar but grown in different regions of North America showed different canning characteristics. Up to 46.4% more force was required to disrupt hard beans (HB) grown in Ontario compared with soft beans (SB) grown in Manitoba. HB absorbed 12.5% and 14.7% less water during blanching and canning, respectively. Microscopic assessment revealed that canning led to swelling of middle lamella and cell walls, but preservation of cell adhesion in both types of beans. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed reduced labelling of methyl-esterified homogalacturonan (HG) and more non-methyl-esterified HG and arabinan epitopes in HB. Compositional analysis indicated that the polysaccharides from HB were less water soluble and enriched in neutral sugars, including 46.5% more arabinose and 51.8% more galactose than in SB. ELISA analysis of polymers in the canning medium supported the increased solubility of cell wall polymers in SB. In the same cultivar, growth region affects cell wall properties with consequences for processing, eating and nutritional quality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".