Geometric modelling and calibration of a spherical camera imaging system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Ladybug5 is an integrated, multi‐camera system that features a near‐spherical field of view. It is commonly deployed on mobile mapping systems to collect imagery for 3D reality capture. This paper describes an approach for the geometric modelling and self‐calibration of this system. The collinearity equations of the pinhole camera model are augmented with five radial lens distortion terms to correct the severe barrel distortion. Weighted relative orientation stability constraints are added to the self‐calibrating bundle adjustment solution to enforce the angular and positional stability between the Ladybug5’s six cameras. Centimetre‐level 3D reconstruction accuracy can be achieved, with image‐space precision and object‐space accuracy improved by 92%and 93%, respectively, relative to a two‐term lens distortion model. Sub‐pixel interior orientation stability and millimetre‐level relative orientation stability were also demonstrated over a 10‐month period.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".