The moisture migration behavior of wheat starch/gluten blended powders and extrudates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Water migration plays an important role in the wheat-based products manufacture and is not only related to starch and gluten content, but also to the structure formed by gluten. Various gluten structure samples were constructed in powder and extrudate form. Density, moisture sorption isotherms, water migration rate, water binding energy of powders and extrudates were investigated. The average density of extrudates increased from 856 to 1321 kg m−3, which existed a linear relationship with starch content. The shrinkage of the starch displayed higher than that of gluten when the water activity change from 0.35 to 0.11. The monolayer moisture content (M0) of the starch was higher than that of gluten. Starch powder had a higher desorption rate and lower sorption rate than gluten, however, starch extrudate had higher sorption and desorption rates than gluten, for the extruded gluten has formed a network structure. The binding energy of the starch was higher than that of gluten, and which of all samples was close to zero when moisture content was greater than 20%. Those information on moisture migration behavior may guide to optimize the drying processing with balance of noodle quality, noodle yield, and energy consumption.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".