Cerebrovasculature Remodeling Accompanies Functional Impairment in Chronically Stressed Mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The cerebrovasculature system is inherently complex in both structure and function allowing it to dynamically regulate oxygen and nutrient flow within the brain. Chronic stress has been linked to various cerebrovasculature diseases, resulting from impaired function and altered architecture. Here we examined the effects of chronic stress on cerebrovasculature function, cerebral bloodflow, and angioarchitecture. Beginning at week 18, mice were exposed to the unpredictable chronic mild stress paradigm for 8 weeks (UCMS; 5 days/week for 7 hrs/day) or control conditions. Prior to euthanization, cerebral blood perfusion was examined using speckle‐pinpoint laser doppler flowmetry. Subsequently, mice were either subjected to vascular corrosion casting to provide a detailed 3D reconstruction of the complete cerebro‐microvasculature, or the middle cerebral arteries (MCA) were removed and positioned in a pressurize myobath and exposed to increasing concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh; 10 ‐9 M to 10 ‐4 M), phenylephrine (PE; 10 ‐9 M to 10 ‐4 M), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 10 ‐9 M to 10 ‐4 M). UCMS mice displayed a 25% (p<0.05) reduction in cerebral blood flow, and 18%(p<0.05) impairment in MCA dilation to ACh vs. control mice. MCA smooth muscle function was similar in UCMS and control mice, while UCMS mice displayed hypersensitivity to PE (20% increase vs. control, p<0.05). Cerebrovascular corrosion casting revealed increased tortuosity of microvasculature (49%), decreased cerebrovascular density, along with a 28% and 56% reduction capillaries and arteriole/veniole length in the overall brain (p<0.05). These data suggest that chronic stress results in significant changes to cerebrovascular function and angioarchitecture resulting in altered cerebral blood flow. Support or Funding Information Support: NIH Cobra Grant 5P20GM109098; NIH INBRE P20GM103434
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".