Phytochemical screening, antioxidant, analgesic and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects of Pittosporum tobira leaves
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine in the first time the phytoconstituents and the in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties of the ethanol extract of P. tobira leaves (PTL) and to assess its in vivo pharmacological action on pain.Phytochemical screening was done using standard protocols. The antioxidant potential was investigated using two methods including hydrogen peroxide and DPPH radical-scavenging assays. An assessment of the anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of PTL was performed. The analgesic activity was also evaluated using a hot plate and acetic acid assays.Alkaloid, saponins, cardiac glycoside, terpenoids, flavonoids and reducing sugars were found to be present in the leaf of P. tobira. PTL showed a significant antioxidant capacity by inhibition of DPPH radical (EC50 = 143.4 µg/mL) and H2O2 (EC50 = 46.29± 2.1 µg/mL) scavenging activities. Moreover, acetylcholinesterase enzyme was strongly inhibited by PTL with the IC50 value of 100.79 µg/mL. The analgesic effect of PTL was evaluated in mice after intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid (1%, 10 mL/kg, ip). The results showed that PTL reduced significantly the abdominal writhing in mice with an inhibition percentage of 14.78%, comparable with standard paracetamol (10.31%). Furthermore, PTL (350 mg / kg) increased remarkably the reaction time of mice with relatively extended duration of stimulation in the hot-plate test when compared to the control groups.We conclude that the leaf extract of P. tobira possesses potential antioxidant, anti-nociceptive, and anti-acetylcholinesterase properties which could be assigned to the presence of bioactive compounds in its composition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".