Analysis and comparison of tribological performance of fatty acid-based lubricant additives with phosphorus and sulfur
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two environmentally friendly, water-based lubricant additives (phosphorus-containing ricinoleic acid (PRA) and sulfur-containing ricinoleic acid (SRA)) were prepared. The lubrication performance of the additives in a water-based lubricant was tested using a four-ball tribotester. The stainless steel surface was analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The additives reduced the coefficient of friction (COF) value, wear scar diameter (WSD) and improved the extreme pressure (PB) value. Water-based fluids containing the PRA exhibited lower COF, WSD, and PB values than the SRA. The good tribological performances of the PRA and SRA were attributed to the synergistic action of long aliphatic chains and highly active phosphorus and sulfur elements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".