Carbon-chain oxides in proton irradiated CO ice films
Bibliographic record
Abstract
After H2 and water, CO and CO2 are the most common molecules in stellar and interstellar environments. They are often dominant components in icy mantles of comets and interstellar dust grains. These ice mantles are subject to a varying degree of cosmic radiation, leading to chemical alterations. This paper presents a study of the near-IR absorption spectrum (1900–4000 cm � 1 ) of proton-irradiated CO thin films. The spectra of such films display several features arising in the vicinity of the CO fundamental that are attributed to carbon oxides such as Cn Oa nd CnO2 for n � 7. The formation mechanisms of carbon chains in interstellar environments are of interest since carbon chains (or molecules derived from them) have been considered to be carriers of some of the diffuse interstellar bands. Subject headingg astrochemistry — comets: general — dust, extinction — ISM: molecules — methods: laboratory
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".