Investigation of High Lift Force Generation of Dragonfly Wing by a Novel Advanced Mode in Hover
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the paper, a novel flapping mode is presented that can generate high lift force by a dragonfly wing in hover. The new mode, named partial advanced mode (PAM), starts pitching earlier than symmetric rotation during the downstroke cycle of the hovering motion. As a result, high lift force can be generated due to rapid pitching coupling with high flapping velocity in the stroke plane. Aerodynamic performance of the new mode is investigated thoroughly using numerical simulation. The results obtained show that the period-averaged lift coefficient, CL, increases up to 16% compared with that of the traditional symmetrical mode when an earlier pitching time is set to 8% of the flapping period. The reason for the high lift force generation mechanism is explained in detail using not only force investigation, but also by analyzing vortices produced around the wing. The proposed PAM is believed to lengthen the dynamic stall mechanism and enhance the LEV generated during the downstroke. The improvement of lift force could be considered as a result of a combination of the dynamic stall mechanism and rapid pitch mechanism. Finally, the energy expenditure of the new mode is also analyzed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".