Neuropsychiatric changes in Parkinson’s disease patients: A prospective observational two years study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric changes in Parkinson's disease patients: A prospective observational two years study AbstrActParkinson's disease (PD) is clinically manifested by motor and non-motor symptoms, including neuropsychiatric changes, which can occur both in the early and advanced stages of PD.Objectives.The study evaluated cognitive and behavioral changes in patients with PD.Material and methods.Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn and Yahr scale were used to assess the neurological status of 112 patients with PD.Clinical neuropsychological tests were applied to all patients.Outcomes.The longer the duration of the disease is, the more critical impulse-control disorders are, especially shopping, hobbyism, and punding.Hypersexual behavior appears to be age and gender-dependent.Depression and impulse-control disorders seem interconnected: subjects tested with severe depression on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale have more shopping compulsions.Antiparkinsonian treatment influences the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score.When specific cognitive domains are tested, subjects treated only with levodopa have lower scores at temporal and spatial orientation testing.Dopamine agonists appear to be associated with less cognitive dysfunctions.conclusions.Neuropsychiatric symptoms impact the quality of life in Parkinson's disease patients and must be systematically assessed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".