Photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes using nickel oxide incorporated titania nanocatalyst
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT In this present work, two-step methods were executed to prepare TiO 2 /NiO nanocomposite material. The selected area electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction pattern were interpreted and their fallouts demonstrate the occurrence of the tetragonal structure of TiO 2 beside the cubic structure of NiO. The NiO nanoparticles were randomly distributed on the surface of TiO 2 which was seen by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and elemental mapping analyses. The high-resolution scanning electron microscope (HR-SEM) images of the prepared materials represent the spherical-shaped nanoparticles. The prepared TiO 2 /NiO material shows high purity because it contains Ni, Ti and O elements without impurities which were represented by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The estimated band gap of the prepared TiO 2 @NiO nanocomposite is in the UV region. Under UV light condition, the nanocomposite effectively exploits the colorful dyes like methylene blue and methyl orange. In addition, their photocatalytic mechanism has been explained in detail.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".