Penyitaan Barang Bukti Tindak Pidana pada Tingkat Pemeriksaan Persidangan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Penyitaan terhadap barang bukti sebagai coraborating evidence merupakan upaya paksa untuk memperkuat pembuktian dakwaan penuntut umum di persidangan. Realitasnya, masih terdapat barang bukti yang relevan dengan pembuktian dakwaan namun baru terungkap di persidangan dan belum dilakukan penyitaan. Ketentuan Pasal 38 ayat (1) KUHAP yang menegaskan penyitaan hanya dilakukan pada tingkat penyidikan oleh penyidik yang menjadikan penuntut umum kesulitan ketika berhadapan dengan realitas tersebut. Artikel ini berupaya menegaskan adanya kewenangan penuntut umum untuk melakukan penyitaan barang bukti tindak pidana pada tingkat pemeriksaan persidangan. Legal argumentasi penyitaan oleh penuntut umum ditemukan dalam PERJA 36/2011 maupun KMA 32/2006 sebagai bagian dari peraturan perundangan-undangan. AbstractConfiscation of evidence as coraborating evidence is a forced effort to strengthen the evidence of the public prosecutor's charges at the trial. In reality, there is still evidence that is relevant to the indictment, but it has only been revealed at court and has not been confiscated. The provisions of Article 38 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Procedure Code which confirms confiscation are only carried out at the level of investigation by investigators which makes the public prosecutor difficult when dealing with this reality. This article seeks to emphasize the authority of the public prosecutor to confiscate evidence of a criminal offense at the trial examination level. Legal arguments for confiscation by the public prosecutor are found in PERJA 36/2011 and KMA 32/2006 as part of the legislation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.043 | 0.143 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.014 | 0.011 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.039 | 0.009 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".