Bibliographic record
Abstract
STACEE is an atmospheric Cherenkov telescope that was built to detect gamma-rays of cosmic origin. By using a large primary mirror area we have reduced the detector's energy threshold to below 200 GeV. The present work continues STACEE's investigation of BL Lac objects, focusing on Markarian 421, 3C 66A and OJ 287. An important part of this work has been the development of software techniques for the correction of systematic biases and the improvement of background rejection. As a result of these improvements, STACEE made a convincing detection of Markarian 421 during the 2002-2004 seasons. The statistical excess was 3.9sigma for the 2002-2003 season and 10.9sigma for the 2003-2004 season; the latter represents the strongest single season detection ever achieved by STACEE. We compare our measured Mrk 421 rates to those of other instruments and present spectral measurements during various flaring states in 2003-2004. The LBLs 3C 66A and OJ 287 were not detected. We discuss the significance of our flux upper limits in the context of emission models for these two sources.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".