Modelling climate impacts on hydrologic and nutrient transport processes in the Lake Winnipeg watershed
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The quality of water in Lake Winnipeg has deteriorated due to excess nutrient loading from nonpoint sources in the watershed. According to an analysis by Jones and Armstrong (2001), total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads to Lake Winnipeg has increased by 13 % and 10 % respectively, over the last three decades. While nutrient transport from non-point sources to the lakes is driven by complex hydrologic and biochemical processes, the large-scale variability in the hydro-meteorologic regime play a key role in nutrient delivery to the lakes. Climate change is expected to influence the hydro-meteorologic regime in the Prairies region, which will also affect the nutrient transport processes. Previous studies on nutrients loading indicate that Red and Assiniboine basins are the major source of nitrogen and phosphorus loading into Lake Winnipeg (Bourne et al., 2002). Therefore, the present study focuses on climate impacts on hydrologic and nutrient transport processes in the two representative sub-watersheds of the Red and Assiniboine basins.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".