Factors Influencing the Pore Structure Parameters of Lightweight Cement-Based Foams
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study quantifies the pore wall spacing and shape factor of lightweight cement-based foam pore structure and investigates its correlation with density, pozzolan, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity. The lightweight cement-based foam mixtures were prepared for the densities of 800–400 kg/m3 and by replacing cement with fly ash, silica fume, and metakaolin up to 20 % by mass. The nondestructive technique of X-ray microtomography was used for quantifying the pore structure parameters. In addition, the transient plane heat source technique was used to evaluate the thermal conductivity of these mixtures. The results show that the optimal pore wall spacing increases from 0.28 to 0.55 mm as the density rises from 400 to 800 kg/m3. It was observed that the median pore wall spacing (SP50) values increases as the cast density get higher. While the reduction in thermal conductivity was noticed for lower SP50 values. Furthermore, incorporating pozzolanic admixtures at higher cement replacement ratios affects the pore wall spacing. Moreover, spherically shaped pores were found in all mixtures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".