Reworked Middle Pleistocene deposits preserved in the core region of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During successive Pleistocene ice ages, Finnish Lapland lay under the cold-based centre of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet (FIS). This area largely escaped deep glacial erosion by the fast-flowing wet-based ice streams that developed toward the periphery of successive ice sheets. Low erosion is evident from the preservation of Neogene weathered bedrock and a significant record of tills of the pre-Weichselian sediments. To date, some 250 locations are known where sediments occur beneath and within last glaciation deposits (Weichselian). An ongoing challenge is to determine absolute ages for old sediments and to establish regional stratigraphic correlations from one site to another. At Äältövittikot, lacustrine silts and rippled sands are found as rafts and inter-till layers within the Weichelian tills. The results indicate an age range of 190–235 ka identifying a likely MIS 7 age i.e., an early or mid Saalian Stage for the older sediments and a couple of younger OSL ages representing Weichselian interstadials as an indication for the multiphase deposition of the Äältövittikot sediment complex. Overlying Weichselian tills contain large amounts of glaciotectonically-deformed and reworked Saalian material. The reworking of Saalian sediment in an up-ice position from the headward erosion zone of the Salla ice stream is important for understanding the polycyclic origins of tills found in similar locations and for interpretation of tracer minerals found in mineral exploration surveys in similar glaciated terrains.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".