Pile driving pressure and particle velocity at the seabed: Quantifying effects on crustaceans and groundfish
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the United States, offshore wind farms are being planned and construction could begin in the near future along the East Coast of the US. Some of the sites being considered are known to be habitat for crustaceans such as the American lobster, Homarus americanus, which has a range from New Jersey to Labrador along the coast of North America. Groundfish such as summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus, and winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, also are common along the East Coast of the US. Besides sharing the seafloor in locations where wind farms are planned, all three of these species are valuable commercially. We model the effects on crustaceans, groundfish, and other animals near the seafloor due to pile driving. Three different waves are investigated including the compressional wave, shear wave and interface wave. A Finite Element (FE) technique is employed in and around the pile while a Parabolic Equation (PE) code is used to predict propagation at long ranges from the pile. Pressure, particle displacement, and particle velocity are presented as a function of range at the seafloor for a shallow water environment near Rhode Island. We will discuss the potential effects on animals near the seafloor.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".