Rheological and chemical properties of bitumen modified with crumb rubber in the dry process
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research aims to evaluate the performance of the hot mix asphalt modified with crumb rubber by the dry process by studying the temperature’s influence as well as the impact of the digestion time between bitumen and crumb rubber. The residual bitumen from the drainage test and the non-modified aged bitumen are then subjected to the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) tests at different frequencies with different temperatures and to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The results show the bitumen and the rubber interaction is directly related to the temperature and the contact time. The maximum increase in rubber mass observed here is approximately 42% at 195 °C for 120 min of contact. The decrease of the light fractions in the bitumen causes a stiffening of the latter as DSR tests show. Lastly, FTIR analysis indicates only a physical interaction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".