Validating the Parenting Style and Dimension Questionnaire Using the Confirmatory Multitrait-Multimethod Approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Various interactional and contextual models have been proposed to conceptually understand direct and indirect parental influences on children. The Parenting Style and Dimension Questionnaire (PSDQ) has shown promise as an instrument to identify psychometric features of parenting style. Since the PSDQ assesses the parenting styles of both mothers and fathers and allows each parent to rate their own as well their spouse`s parenting style, it is important to confirm the psychometric properties of the PSDQ. Therefore the current study aims to explore the validity of the domains specified in the PSDQ. The purpose of this study was to examine the construct, convergent, and discriminant validity of the PSDQ using the multitraitmultimethod (MTMM) approach under a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) framework. Results provide support for good convergent and discriminant validity for each of the constructs. Implications of the findings are discussed in relation to future research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.031 | 0.034 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".