← Back to cohort
Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017
Damaris K. Kinyoki, Jennifer M. Ross, Alice Lazzar-Atwood, Sandra B. Munro, Lauren E. Schaeffer, Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi, Masoumeh Abbasi, Hedayat Abbastabar, Ahmed Abdelalim, Amir Abdoli, Mohammad Abdollahı, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Nebiyu Dereje Abebe, Teshome Abuka Abebo, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, Hassan Abolhassani, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Michael R.M. Abrigo, Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk, Manfred Accrombessi, Dilaram Acharya, Maryam Adabi, Akindele O. Adebiyi, Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji, Victor Adekanmbi, Abiodun M. Adeoye, Olatunji Adetokunboh, Davoud Adham, Posi Emmanuel Aduroja, Shailesh M Advani, Mohsen Afarideh, Mohammad Aghaali, Anurag Agrawal, Tauseef Ahmad, Keivan Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Rushdiá Ahmed, Olufemi Ajumobi, Temesgen Yihunie Akalu, Tomi Akinyemiju, Blessing Akombi-Inyang, Ziyad Al‐Aly, Genet Melak Alamene, Turki M Alanzi, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde‐Rabanal, Niguse Meles Alema, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Muhammad Ali, Mehran Alijanzadeh, Cyrus Alinia, Vahid Alipour, Hesam Alizade, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Afshin Almasi, Amir Almasi‐Hashiani, Hesham M. Al‐Mekhlafi, Rajaa Al‐Raddadi, Khalid A Altirkawi, Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán, Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk, Azmeraw T. Amare, A. Kofi Amegah, Mostafa Amini‐Rarani, Fatemeh Amiri, Arianna Maever L. Amit, Nahla Anber, Cătălina Liliana Andrei, Fereshteh Ansari, Alireza Ansari‐Moghaddam, Zelalem Alamrew Anteneh, Carl Abelardo T Antonio, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Davood Anvari, Razique Anwer, Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah, Jalal Arabloo, Morteza Arab‐Zozani, Ephrem Mebrahtu Araya, Zohreh Arefi, Olatunde Aremu, Johan Ärnlöv, Afsaneh Arzani, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Ali A. Asadi‐Pooya, Samaneh Asgari, Babak Asghari, Alebachew Fasil Ashagre, Anemaw Asrat, Bahar Ataeinia, Hagos Tasew Atalay, Desta Debalkie Atnafu, Maha Atout, Marcel Ausloos, Euripide Avokpaho, Ashish Awasthi, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Yared Asmare Aynalem, Abbas Azadmehr, Samad Azari, Ghasem Azarian, Zelalem Nigussie Azene, Ebrahim Babaee, Alaa Badawi, Ashish Badiye, Mohamad Amin Bahrami, Atif Amin Baig, Ahad Bakhtiari, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan, Maciej Banach, Palash Chandra Banik, Zahra Baradaran‐Seyed, Adhanom Gebreegziabher Baraki, Miguel A. Barboza, Till Bärnighausen, Lingkan Barua, Huda Basaleem, Sanjay Basu, Mohsen Bayati, Mulat Tirfie Bayih, Habtamu Wondifraw Baynes, Neeraj Bedi, Masoud Behzadifar, Yibeltal Alemu Bekele, Derrick Bennett, Dessalegn Ajema Berbada, Kidanemaryam Berhe, Abadi Kidanemariam Berhe, Adam E. Berman, Robert S. Bernstein, Bhageerathy Reshmi, Dinesh Bhandari, Pankaj Bharadwaj, Natalia V. Bhattacharjee, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Ali Bijani, Boris Bikbov, Ver Bilano, Nigus Bililign, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed, Minyichil Birhanu, Raaj Kishore Biswas, Zebenay Workneh Bitew, Kassawmar Angaw Bogale, Somayeh Bohlouli, Srinivasa Rao Bolla, Archith Boloor, Antonio Maria Borzì, Shiva Borzouei, Oliver J. Brady, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Dejana Braithwaite, Н. И. Брико, Gabrielle B. Britton, Shyam Sundar Budhathoki, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Reinhard Busse, Zahid A Butt, Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado, Luis Alberto Cámera, Ismael Campos‐Nonato, Jorge Cano, Josip Car, Rosario Cárdenas, Juan Jesús Carrero, Félix Carvalho, João Maurício Castaldelli-Maia, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Franz Castro, Ester Cerin, Collins Chansa, Jaykaran Charan, Pranab Chatterjee, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Bal Govind Chauhan, Ali Reza Chavshin, Mohammad Chehrazi, Tesfaye Yitna Chichiabellu, Ken Lee Chin, Devasahayam Jesudas Christopher, Dinh‐Toi Chu, Flavia Cicuttini, Michael L. Collison, Michael A. Cork, Natalie Maria Cormier, Paolo Angelo Cortesi, Vera Marisa Costa, Abel Fekadu Dadi, Baye Dagnew, Saad M A Dahlawi, Giovanni Damiani, Amira Hamed Darwish, Ahmad Daryani, Jai K Das, Rajat Das Gupta, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Nicole Davis Weaver, Diego De Leo, Jan‐Walter De Neve, Feleke Mekonnen Demeke, Asmamaw Demis, Dereje Bayissa Demissie, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Edgar Denova‐Gutiérrez, Kebede Deribe, Rupak Desai, Beruk Berhanu Desalegn, Assefa Desalew, Aniruddha Deshpande, Sagnik Dey, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Preeti Dhillon, Meghnath Dhimal, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Mostafa Dianati Nasab, Daniel Díaz, Girmaye Dinsa, Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu, Shirin Djalalinia, Hoa Do, Huyen Phuc, Paul Narh Doku, Fariba Dorostkar, Leila Doshmangir, Manisha Dubey, Bereket Duko Adema, Susanna Dunachie, Bruce Bartholow Duncan, Ewerton Cousin, André Rodrigues Durães, Lucas Earl, Hamed Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo, Aziz Eftekhari, Iman El Sayed, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Maha El Tantawi, Iffat Elbarazi, Demelash Abewa Elemineh, Shaimaa I El-Jaafary, Ziad El‐Khatib, Aisha Elsharkawy, Yasser M. El‐Sherbiny, Iqbal Elyazar, Mohammad Hassan Emamian, Shymaa Enany, Daniel Adane Endalew, Melese Linger Endalifer, Khalil Eskandari, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Saman Esmaeilnejad, Alireza Esteghamati, Arash Etemadi, Atkilt Esaiyas Etisso, Jessica Fanzo, Mohammad Farahmand, Anwar Faraj, Sajjad Farashi, Mohammad Fareed, Andrea Farioli, André Faro, Farshad Farzadfar, Hossein Farzam, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Nazir Fattahi, Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Ali Akbar Fazaeli, Netsanet Fentahun, Tomas Y Ferede, Seyed‐Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, João Carlos Fernandes, Garumma Tolu Feyissa, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Carsten Flohr, Nataliya A Foigt, Morẹ́nikẹ́ Oluwátóyìn Foláyan, Artem Alekseevich Fomenkov, Masoud Foroutan, Jana Förster, Joel M Francis, Takeshi Fukumoto, Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam, Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot, Kidane Tadesse Gebremariam, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel, Assefa Ayalew Gebreslassie, Gebretsadkan Gebremedhin Gebretsadik, Getnet Gedefaw, Yilma Chisha Dea Geramo, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Birhanu Geta, Agegnehu Bante, Kebede Embaye Gezae, Fatemeh Ghaffarifar, Mansour Ghafourifard, Alireza Ghajar, Mahsa Ghajarzadeh, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Hesam Ghiasvand, Asadollah Gholamian, Syed Amir Gilani, Tiffany K Gill, Ibrahim Ginawi, Srinivas Goli, Nelson G. M. Gomes, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Houman Goudarzi, Alessandra C. Goulart, Ayman Grada, Michal Grivna, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Rashid Abdi Guled, Yuming Guo, Rahul Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Nima Hafezi‐Nejad, Michael Tamene Haile, Arvin Haj‐Mirzaian, Arya Haj‐Mirzaian, Brian J. Hall, Iman Halvaei, Randah R Hamadeh, Yadollah Hamidi, Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso, Graeme J. Hankey, Hamidreza Haririan, Ninuk Hariyani, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Md. Mehedi Hasan, Milad Hasankhani, Edris Hasanpoor, Amir Hasanzadeh, Maryam Hashemian, Soheil Hassanipour, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Rasmus Havmoeller, Corinna Hawkes, Khezar Hayat, Desta Haftu, Behnam Heidari, Reza Heidari‐Soureshjani, Delia Hendrie, Andualem Henok, Nathaniel J Henry, Mario Herrero, Claudiu Herţeliu, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Hagos Degefa Hidru, Chi Linh Hoang, Hans W. Hoek, Michael K. Hole, Ramesh Holla, Gillian Hollerich, Enayatollah Homaie Rad, Sung Hwi Hong, Praveen Hoogar, Masako Horino, Naznin Hossain, Mostafa Hosseini, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Sorin Hostiuc, Mowafa Househ, Mohamed Hsaïri, Guoqing Hu, Tanvir Huda, Ayesha Humayun, Bing‐Fang Hwang, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Milena Ilić, Mohammad Hasan Imani-Nasab, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Usman Iqbal, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Chidozie C D Iwu, Chinwe Juliana Iwu, Neda Izadi, Jalil Jaafari, Anelisa Jaca, Farhad Jadidi‐Niaragh, Nader Jafari Balalami, Morteza Jafarinia, Mohammad Ali Jahani, Mihajlo Jakovljević, Amir Jalali, Farzad Jalilian, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Fyezah Jehan, Ensiyeh Jenabi, Ravi Prakash Jha, Vivekanand Jha, John S. Ji, Peng Jia, Oommen John, Yetunde O. John-Akinola, Kimberly B. Johnson, Jost B. Jonas, Nitin Joseph, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Suresh Jungari, Mikk Jürisson, Ali Kabir, Zubair Kabir, Amaha Kahsay, Molla Kahssay, Hamed Kalani, Leila R Kalankesh, Rohollah Kalhor, Zahra Kamiab, Tanuj Kanchan, Umesh Kapil, Neeti Kapoor, Manoochehr Karami, Behzad Karami Matin, André Karch, Mohd Anisul Karim, Surendra Karki, Amir Kasaeian, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun, Habtamu Kebebe Kasaye, Tesfaye Kassa, Hagazi Gebremedhin Kassaye, Nicholas J Kassebaum, Ali Kazemi Karyani, André Pascal Kengne, Daniel Bekele Ketema, Yousef Khader, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Mojtaba Khaksarian, Nauman Khalid, Rovshan Khalilov, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Mohammad Saud Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Khaled Khatab, Amir M Khater, Mona M Khater, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Mohammad Khazaei, Salman Khazaei, Mohammad Taghi Khodayari, Mohammad Hossein Khosravi, Roba Khundkar, Ali Kiadaliri, Neda Kianipour, Daniel N Kiirithio, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Adnan Kısa, Sezer Kısa, Tufa Kolola, Hamidreza Komaki, Ali Koolivand, Parvaiz A Koul, Ai Koyanagi, Moritz U. G. Kraemer, Kewal Krishan, Kris J Krohn, Nuworza Kugbey, Manasi Kumar, Pushpendra Kumar, Vivek Kumar, Om Kurmi, Oluwatosin Kuti, Carlo La Vecchia, Ben Lacey, Deepesh Lad, Aparna Lal, Prabhat Lamichhane, Justin Lang, Van Charles Lansingh, Savita Lasrado, Georgy Lebedev, Paul H. Lee, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Mostafa Leili, Ian D. Letourneau, Sonia Lewycka, Shanshan Li, Lee‐Ling Lim, Shai Linn, Shiwei Liu, Simin Liu, Rakesh Lodha, Joshua Longbottom, Alan D Lopez, Stefan Lorkowski, Erlyn Rachelle King Macarayan, Mohammed Madadin, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, Dhaval P Maghavani, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Narayan Bahadur Mahotra, Venkatesh Maled, Afshin Maleki, Shokofeh Maleki, Déborah Carvalho Malta, Ali Manafi, Farzad Manafi, Navid Manafi, Narendar Manohar, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Borhan Mansouri, Mohammad Alì Mansournia, Chabila Christopher Mapoma, Dadi Marami, Laurie B. Marczak, Carlos Alberto Marrugo-Arnedo, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins‐Melo, Anthony Masaka, Benjamin B. Massenburg, Pallab K Maulik, Benjamin K. Mayala, Mohsen Mazidi, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Kala M. Mehta, Wahengbam Bigyananda Meitei, Fantahun Ayenew Mekonnen, Teferi Mekonnen, Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles, Hagazi Gebre Meles, Addisu Melese, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G. Menezes, Meresa Berwo Mengesha, George A. Mensah, Tuomo J Meretoja, Tomasz Miazgowski, Neda Milevska Kostova, Ted R. Miller, Edward J Mills, GK Mini, Seyed Mostafa Mir, Hamed Mirjalali, Erkin М Мirrakhimov, Hamed Mirzaei, Maryam Mirzaei, Roya Mirzaei, Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Prasanna Mithra, Babak Moazen, Efat Mohamadi, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Yousef Mohammad, Dara K. Mohammad, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Mousa Mohammadnia‐Afrouzi, Milad Mohammadoo-Khorasani, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Salahuddin Mohammed, Shafiu Mohammed, Jemal Mohammed, Ammas Siraj Mohammed, Farnam Mohebi, Amin Mokari, Ali H. Mokdad, Julio Montañez, Pablo A. Montero-Zamora, Yoshan Moodley, Maryam Moossavi, Ghobad Moradi, Masoud Moradi, Yousef Moradi, Mohammad Moradi-Joo, Maziar Moradi‐Lakeh, Farhad Moradpour, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Paula Moraga, Shane D. Morrison, Abbas Mosapour, Jonathan F Mosser, Simin Mouodi, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, Dariush Mozaffarian, Ulrich Müeller, Christopher J L Murray, G. V. S. Murthy, Kamarul Imran Musa, Ghulam Mustafa, Muthupandian Saravanan, Behnam Nabavizadeh, Mehdi Naderi, Girish N. Nadkarni, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Mohsen Naghavi, Aliya Naheed, Gurudatta Naik, Farid Najafi, Jobert Richie Nansseu, K M Venkat Narayan, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Vinod C Nayak, Javad Nazari, Duduzile Ndwandwe, Ionuţ Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Josephine W Ngunjiri, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Dabere Nigatu, Yeshambel T. Nigatu, Rajan Nikbakhsh, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Vuong Minh Nong, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Christoph Nowak, Bogdan Oancea, Richard Ofori‐Asenso, Onome Bright Oghenetega, In‐Hwan Oh, Olanrewaju Oladimeji, Morteza Oladnabi, Andrew T Olagunju, Tinuke O Olagunju, Bolajoko O. Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Mojisola Oluwasanu, Muktar Omer Omer, Obinna Onwujekwe, Kwaku Oppong Asante, Eyal Oren, Orish Ebere Orisakwe, Alberto Ortíz, Osayomwanbo Osarenotor, Aaron Osgood‐Zimmerman, Mayowa Owolabi, P A Mahesh, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Keyvan Pakshir, Adrian Pană, Songhomitra Panda‐Jonas, Hadi Parsian, Tahereh Pashaei, Deepak Kumar Pasupula, Sangram Kishor Patel, Ashish Pathak, Mona Pathak, Sanghamitra Pati, Ajay Patle, George Patton, Kebreab Paulos, Hamidreza Pazoki–Toroudi, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Norberto Perico, William A. Petri, Brandon V. Pickering, David M. Pigott, Majid Pirestani, Bakhtiar Piroozi, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Khem Narayan Pokhrel, Maarten J. Postma, Hadi Pourjafar, Farshad Pourmalek, Reza Pourmirza Kalhori, Akram Pourshams, Hossein Poustchi, Sergio I. Prada, Liliana Preoțescu, Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi, Mohammad Rabiee, Navid Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Alireza Rafiei, Fakher Rahim, Vafa Rahimi‐Movaghar, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Sajjad Ur Rahman, Rajesh Kumar, Ali Rajabpour-Sanati, Fatemeh Rajati, Kiana Ramezanzadeh, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Sowmya J Rao, Davide Rasella, Vahid Rashedi, Prateek Rastogi, Priya Rathi, Salman Rawaf, David Laith Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Sarah E. Ray, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Vishnu Renjith, André M. N. Renzaho, Serge Resnikoff, Nima Rezaei, Shahab Rezaeian, Mohammad Sadegh Rezai, Aziz Rezapour, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Ana Isabel Ribeiro, Jennifer Rickard, Alina Rodriguez, Leonardo Roever, Elias Merdassa Roro, Gholamreza Roshandel, Ali Rostami, Enrico Rubagotti, Anas M. Saad, Seyedmohammad Saadatagah, Yogesh Sabde, Siamak Sabour, Ehsan Sadeghi, Masoumeh Sadeghi, Saeed Safari, Yahya Safari, Hamid Safarpour, Rajesh Sagar, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Mohammad Reza Salahshoor, Nasir Salam, Farkhonde Salehi, Saleh Salehi Zahabi, Hosni Salem, Marwa Rashad Salem, Yahya Salimi, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Evanson Zondani Sambala, Abdallah M Samy, Itamar S Santos, Bruno Piassi Sâo José, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Abdur Razzaque Sarker, Benn Sartorius, Arash Sarveazad, Brijesh Sathian, Maheswar Satpathy, Sonia Saxena, Mehdi Sayyah, Alyssa N. Sbarra, Megan F. Schipp, María Inês Schmidt, Aletta E. Schutte, David C. Schwebel, Anbissa Muleta Senbeta, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi, Faramarz Shaahmadi, Omid Shafaat, Saeed Shahabi, Masood Ali Shaikh, Ali Shalash, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Amir Shamshirian, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Mohammed Shannawaz, Kiomars Sharafi, Mehdi Sharif, Rajesh Sharma, Hatem Shehata, Abbas Sheikhtaheri, Kenji Shibuya, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw, Mika Shigematsu, Jae Il Shin, Rahman Shiri, Reza Shirkoohi, Ivy Shiue, Kerem Shuval, Soraya Siabani, Tariq Jamal Siddiqi, Inga Dóra Sigfúsdóttir, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Biagio Simonetti, Ambrish Singh, Pushpendra Singh, Virendra Singh, Pankaj Kumar Singh, Dhirendra Narain Sinha, Yitagesu Sintayehu, Malede Mequanent Sisay, Amin Soheili, Bija Soleymani, Farzaneh Soltani, Shahin Soltani, Joan B. Soriano, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Sergey Soshnikov, Ireneous N Soyiri, Adel Spotin, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Rajni Kant Kant Srivastava, А. В. Стародубова, Agus Sudaryanto, Mu’awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Gerhard Sulo, Bruno Sunguya, Bryan L. Sykes, Rafael Tabarés‐Seisdedos, Takahiro Tabuchi, Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse, Amir Taherkhani, Koku Sisay Tamirat, Segen Gebremeskel Tassew, Nuno Taveira, Berhane Fseha Teklehaimanot, Gebretsadkan Hintsa Tekulu, Mohamad‐Hani Temsah, Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi, Zemenu Tadesse Tessema, Nihal Thomas, М. В. Титова, Kenean Getaneh Tlaye, Hamid Reza Tohidinik, Marcello Tonelli, Marcos Roberto Tovani‐Palone, Eugenio Traini, Khanh Bao Tran, Manjari Tripathi, Riaz Uddin, Irfan Ullah, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Era Upadhyay, Ushotanefe Useh, Muhammad Usman, Olalekan A. Uthman, Marco Vacante, Masoud Vaezghasemi, Pascual Valdéz, John D. VanderHeide, Elena A. Varavikova, Santosh Varughese, Tommi Vasankari, Yasser Vasseghian, Yousef Veisani, Srinivasaraghavan Venkatesh, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Madhur Verma, Simone Vidale, Francesco Saverio Violante, Vasily Vlassov, Sebastián Vollmer, Rade Vuković, Yasir Waheed, Haidong Wang, Yafeng Wang, Yuan‐Pang Wang, Andrea Werdecker, Taweewat Wiangkham, Kirsten E. Wiens, Tissa Wijeratne, Haileab Fekadu Wolde, Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash, Tewodros Eshete Wonde, Adam Wondmieneh, Aimin Wu, Gelin Xu, Abbas Yadegar, Ali Yadollahpour, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Tomohide Yamada, Yuichiro Yano, Sanni Yaya, Vahid Yazdi‐Feyzabadi, Alex Yeshaneh, Yigizie Yeshaw, Yordanos Gizachew Yeshitila, Mekdes Tigistu Yilma, Paul Yip, Naohiro Yonemoto, Seok‐Jun Yoon, Yoosik Youm, Mustafa Z Younis, Zabihollah Yousefi, Hebat-Allah Salah A. Yousof, Chuanhua Yu, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Telma Zahirian Moghadam, Leila Zaki, Sojib Bin Zaman, Mohammad Zamani, Maryam Zamanian, Hamed Zandian, Hadi Zarafshan, Nejimu Biza Zepro, Taddese Alemu Zerfu, Taye Abuhay Zewale, Yunquan Zhang, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Xiu‐Ju Zhao, Sanjay Zodpey, Kamiar Zomorodian, Francis Zotor, Ashkan Afshin, Simon I Hay
Bibliographic record
VenueNature Medicine · 2020
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldNursing
TopicChild Nutrition and Water Access
Canadian institutionsUniversity of CalgaryUniversity of British ColumbiaPublic Health Agency of CanadaUniversity of OttawaInstitute for Clinical Evaluative SciencesImpactUniversity of ManitobaMcMaster UniversityUniversity of TorontoUniversité du Québec en Abitibi-TémiscamingueUniversity of WaterlooDalhousie University
FundersPediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health ServicesCenter for International HealthDrug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesMedical Research CouncilMadda Walabu UniversityWestern Sydney UniversityKuwait UniversityHawassa UniversityFundación Valle del LiliUniversitas Muhammadiyah SurakartaImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityWashington University in St. LouisInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, BangladeshSoutheast UniversityUniversity of the PhilippinesUrmia UniversityFundação Oswaldo CruzWachemo UniversityQazvin University of Medical SciencesBahir Dar UniversityShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesUniversity of WashingtonHögskolan DalarnaUniversity of Health Sciences LahoreUniversidade de São PauloKermanshah University of Medical SciencesAdigrat UniversityKing Saud UniversityNorth-West UniversityBirjand University of Medical SciencesImperial College LondonShiraz UniversityJimma UniversityDuke Global Health Institute, Duke UniversityUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaTabriz University of Medical SciencesBabol University of Medical SciencesMazandaran University of Medical SciencesMansoura UniversityBrien Holden Vision InstituteKing Abdulaziz UniversitySouthern University of Science and TechnologyIsfahan University of Medical SciencesLa Trobe UniversityGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenGeorgetown UniversitySouth African Medical Research CouncilBundesministerium für GesundheitSharif University of TechnologyYonsei UniversityUniversitas Sebelas MaretCairo UniversityMashhad University of Medical SciencesWollega UniversityUniversiteit StellenboschPublic Health Foundation of IndiaPublic Health EnglandJahrom University of Medical SciencesSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteHamadan University of Medical SciencesDeakin UniversityUniversity of GondarUniversity College LondonIndian Council of Medical ResearchGolestan University of Medical SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityCardiff UniversityShiraz University of Medical SciencesAin Shams UniversityRazi Vaccine and Serum Research InstituteUniversity of LeicesterU.S. Department of Veterans AffairsJazan UniversityDongguk UniversityTehran University of Medical Sciences and Health ServicesAksum UniversityA.T. Still UniversityKerman University of Medical SciencesInstitute for Health Metrics and EvaluationArak University of Medical SciencesKarolinska InstitutetUniversity of Nevada, RenoJohns Hopkins UniversityWellcome TrustHormozgan University of Medical SciencesKasturba Medical College, ManipalBirmingham City UniversityUniversity of Health and Allied SciencesUniversitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie "Carol Davila" BucureştiUniversity of MinnesotaHamad Medical CorporationQuaid-i-Azam UniversityBill and Melinda Gates FoundationUniversity of TabrizUniversidade do PortoUniversity of Central FloridaUniversity of New South WalesAddis Ababa UniversityDalhousie UniversityInstituto De Saúde Pública, Universidade do PortoAmirkabir University of TechnologyIran University of Medical SciencesCochrane South AfricaFoundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and ResearchBournemouth University
KeywordsWastingOverweightMalnutritionEnvironmental healthDouble burdenLow and middle income countriesPublic healthMedicineDeveloping countryGeographyGlobal healthObesitySocioeconomicsEconomic growth
Abstract
A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1-70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6-70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization's Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8-38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8-67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.029
Threshold uncertainty score0.505
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.011
GPT teacher head0.251
Teacher spread0.240 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations94
Published2020
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes