Effect of microsurgical varicocelectomy on semen parameters, serum, and intratesticular testosterone levels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Objective The goal of this work was to evaluate if men who underwent microsurgical varicocelectomy would have improvement in serum testosterone (T) as well as serum 17‐hydroxyprogesterone (17‐OHP—An intratesticular T biomarker) in addition to semen parameters after operation. Materials and Methods We conducted a prospective analysis of 30 men who underwent microsurgical varicocelectomy from December 2018 to September 2019. We assessed varicocele grade and laterality, serum T, serum 17‐OHP, serum follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), serum LH, and semen parameters in baseline and follow‐up. According to the data distribution, we reported the median and interquartile ranges and utilized the Mann‐Whitney U, Student's t test and Wilcoxon rank test. Correlation analysis was performed with the Spearman test. Results In the baseline, 9 (30%) men had 17‐OHP < 55 ng/dL and 21 (70%) men presented with 17‐OHP ≥ 55 ng/dL. Also, 19 men had TMSC < 9 million, including 6 men with azoospermia, 1 man with cryptozoospermia, and 11 men with TMSC ≥ 9 million. We found an improvement in most SA parameters of most men, which include concentration (63.3%, 19/30), motility (46.6%, 14/30), and TMSC (60%, 18/30). About seven (36.8%) men had TMSC upgraded to > 9. There was a significant change in volume (2.1 [1.5‐2.8] to 2.4 [1.7‐3.6] cc, P = .018), concentration (6.8 [0.8‐22.5] to 12.5 [1‐31] million/cc, P = .047) and TMSC (4.4 [0.3‐15.1] to 10.5 [0‐41.8] million, P = .012) after surgery. We neither found a change in serum T nor a change in intratesticular T (serum 17‐OHP) after varicocelectomy ( P > .05). FSH, LH and T were similar both before and after varicocelectomy ( P > .05). Conclusion Despite improvement in semen parameters following varicocelectomy, we did not see changes in either serum or intratesticular T. This suggests that improvement of semen parameters following varicocele repair could be from factors other than changes in androgen levels within the testis.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".