STUDY OF NORMAL VALUES OF PROPRIOCEPTION BASED ON AGE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Proprioception is an important function which allows the brain to perceive the body’s position. It is a safety mechanism aiding the generation of movements to correct and maintain balance. During a return to sports for adults, it is essential to have a good postural control. However, this requirement is applied subjectively in a pediatric setting. The Biodex Stability System (BSS) is a validated instrument capable of evaluating proprioception by producing stability indexes. Unfortunately, the stability indexes for a healthy pediatric population and the associated characteristics have not yet been determined. Purpose: The primary objective was to establish normal pediatric values of proprioception using the BSS. The secondary objectives were to find correlations between various subgroups (sex, physical activity participation and joint laxity, etc) and the stability indexes. Methods: An observational cohort study was done. Patients from July 2018 to September 2018 were included from the facture clinic. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were: (1) a consolidated upper limb fracture, (2) no previous history of lower limb injury, (3) no congenital anomalies of the lower limb or neuromuscular disease. Included subjects underwent 3 test trials of 20 seconds each of single-leg shoeless postural control with eyes open and at a stability level of 4. The overall stability index (OSI), anteroposterior stability index (APSI) and mediolateral stability index (MLSI) were noted. The protocol was conducted on both legs. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test will be used for the primary objective and, Pearson correlation for secondary objective. Results: Seventy-one participants (29 girls and 42 boys) with a mean age of 12.75±2.2 years old and a mean Beighton laxity score of 2.5±2.5 were recruited. The mean left OSI is 4.4±3.1 and the mean right OSI is 4.5±3.3. When comparing the subgroups, we were able to find correlations between the body mass index (BMI) and the OSI for both legs (left: r= 0.312, p = 0.008; right: r= 0.437, p = 0.001). We did not find any other correlations for any other groups (sex, age and Beighton score). Conclusion: A larger sample size will be needed to establish normal values based on sex and skeletal maturity but a mean value for OSI for a normal pediatric population was established. This study illustrates that, in our pediatric population, an increase in BMI is associated with an increase in OSI. Therefore, children with a higher BMI could potentially benefit from a proprioception training program in order to prevent the occurrence of injuries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".