Catalyst-Controlled Regioselective Reactions of Carbohydrate Derivatives
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The efficient synthesis of oligosaccharides requires methods for regioselective manipulation of hydroxyl groups in monosaccharide derivatives. Catalysis represents a potentially general solution to this problem, and over the past decade, the development of catalyst-controlled methods for regioselective functionalization of carbohydrates has intensified. This Short Review highlights the range of catalysts and catalytic mechanisms that may be exploited to alter the reactivity of hydroxyl groups in carbohydrate substrates. 1 Introduction 2 Intrinsic Trends in the Reactivity of Carbohydrate Hydroxyl Groups 2.1 Steric Control 2.2 Electronic Control 3 Enzyme Catalysis 4 Phase-Transfer Catalysis 5 Lewis Base Catalysis 5.1 Peptide-Based Catalysts 5.2 Modified DMAP Catalysts 5.3 Chiral Amines 6 Lewis Acid Catalysis 6.1 Tin(IV) Reagents 6.2 Transition-Metal Reagents 6.3 Lanthanum(III) Reagents 6.4 Multistep One-Pot Methods 6.5 Organoboron Reagents 7 Conclusions and Outlook
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it