Tracking control of an underwater manipulator using fractional integral sliding mode and disturbance observer
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, a fractional integral sliding mode control (FISMC) strategy with a disturbance observer (DO) is proposed for the trajectory tracking problem of the underwater manipulator, under lumped disturbances namely parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. The modified fractional integral sliding mode surface (FISMS) is designed to guarantee the fast convergence of system states. The DO method and the second-order sliding mode control law are used in the controller design, in which the former is introduced to compensate the effect of the lumped disturbances. Also, a saturated function is selected to replace the sign function to attenuate the chattering phenomenon. The stability of the overall closed-loop system is proved via Lyapunov’s finite-time stability theory. Numerical simulations are performed on a 6 degree of freedom (DOF) underwater manipulator. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control scheme can achieve better tracking performance and stronger robustness against disturbances, by comparing with the DO-based PD control and the DO-based PID-type linear sliding mode control (SMC).
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it