Synthesis and Characterization of Unsaturated Biobased-Polyamides from Plant Oil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study describes the synthesis and characterization of two biobased polyamides, PA (DMOD-PXDA) and PA (DMOD-DETA), from dimethyl 9-octadecenedioate and p-xylylenediamine or diethylenetriamine. The effect of traditional (TH) and microwave heating (MH) on synthesis conditions, thermal properties, and crystalline structures of the polyamides was compared. Furthermore, thermomechanical and mechanical properties of polyamide films were studied. Solid-state carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the polyamides. All polyamides showed a melting point of around 190 °C with higher melting points for the traditionally polycondensed ones. Wide-angle X-ray scattering indicated γ-crystals as the primary crystalline forms produced under microwave heating, whereas amorphous and α-crystal phases were mainly produced under traditional heating. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed the highest glass transition temperature for TH-PA (DMOD-PXDA) at 78 °C. PA (DMOD-PXDA) films exhibited comparable tensile strengths, but the percent elongation at break of the TH-PA (DMOD-PXDA) film was higher than that of the MH-PA (DMOD-PXDA) film. Higher values for tensile strength and percent elongation at break were also observed for TH-PA (DMOD-DETA) and MH-PA (DMOD-DETA) films, respectively. These biobased polyamides have a great potential to be used in different applications as substitutes for petroleum-based polyamides.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".