Utilization of Beta-Blockers and Diuretics in Treating Heart Failure Patients in Sultan Qaboos University Hospital
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Heart failure (HF) is the inability of the heart to pump blood to meet tissue requirement of oxygen and nutrition, due to abnormality in cardiac structure or function. The mortality from congestive heart failure remain increasing along with aging of the population. In Oman, the prevalence of HF is 5.17 per 1000 people and with male and older age group domination. Beta-blockers and diuretics are well known drugs that decrease mortality and morbidity. According to heart failure treating guidelines beta-blockers are the first line treatment for HF. Since HF has a high prevalence, this study aim was to determine the utilization of beta-blockers and diuretics in treating heart failure patients in Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH). Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional conducted in SQUH, in cardiology day care clinic in the period from 1st of June until 30th of August. This study included all Omani patients with 120 out of 778 patients were included who were above 18 years old, diagnosed with HF, receiving at least one HF medication from SQUH pharmacy, and did not have any missing data. Hospital electronic medical record was used to obtain patients data and parameters. Results: Out of 120 patients, 54.2% were males and 45.8% were females, with mean age equal to 64 ± 13 years and mean EF equal to 37 ± 14.5 %. Diuretics were taken by 95% of the patients, where beta-blockers were taken by 81.6%. Prescription of beta-blockers was significantly decreased by increase in the age of the patients (p =0.024), while diuretics do not show any significant with change in the age. Both beta-blockers and diuretics do not show any significant increase or decrease in prescription with change in the EF. Bisoprolol was not affected by increase in age or EF. The prescription of carvedilol was significantly affected with increase the age (p = 0.006), however it was not affected by increase the EF. The prescription of spironolactone was significantly affected by increase the age (P= 0.001) and by increase the EF (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Carvedilol and furosemide were the most prescribed drugs in SQUH for treating HF patients. All the mean daily doses of the drugs mentioned in this study followed the newer 2016 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic HF.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".