Synthesis of Various Ionospheric Convection Patterns for IMF BY-Dominated Periods: Split Crescent Cells, Exchange Cells, and Theta Aurora Formation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
[1] When the dawn-to-dusk component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF BY) is dominant, ionospheric convection exhibits a distorted two-cell pattern with its dawn-dusk and interhemispheric asymmetries regulated by the IMF BY polarity. For BY > 0, the convection in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere usually consists of a relatively round cell on the duskside (dawnside) and a crescent-shaped cell on the dawnside (duskside); for BY < 0, the dawn-dusk relationship is reversed. However, deviations from the basic round/crescent cell pattern are sometimes seen. Such nonstandard convection patterns include the dayside-enhanced crescent cell pattern, nightside-enhanced crescent cell pattern, split crescent cell pattern, and exchange cell pattern. Although at times the nonstandard convection patterns appear to be quite different from the basic round/crescent cell pattern, the underlying physical processes (i.e., the types of reconnection) and field line topologies are basically the same. We show that these various convection patterns can be synthesized by considering the topologies of magnetic field lines involved in eight types of reconnection. We also discuss the formation mechanism of the theta aurora configuration in terms of magnetic topology and ionospheric convection. The theta aurora configuration results from transient reconnection-driven convection when an IMF BY polarity switch reconfigures the exchange cell pattern. The bifurcation of the polar cap occurs as a consequence of accumulation of closed magnetic flux in the sunward return flow region of the round cell and intrusion of open magnetic flux into the “sub polar cap” that had been established by the primary exchange cell prior to the IMF change.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".