Sources, sinks, dispersion and cycling of dissolved polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) discharged in the Strait of Georgia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The temporal and spatial distribution of dissolved PBDE concentration in the Strait of Georgia (SoG) is combined with concentrations predicted from a time-dependent box model of the Salish Sea to investigate the sources, sinks, dispersion and cycling of PBDE congeners. Prominent sub-surface concentration maxima (up to ca. 400 pg/L for total PBDE) occasionally measured in the southern SoG point to the Iona Island Waste Water Treatment Plant diffusers, discharging primary-treated effluent at 72 - 106 m depth, as an important proximal point source of dissolved PBDE. The decreasing depth of concentration maximum with increasing congener bromination suggests that dissolved PBDEs are desorbed from sewage particles, at rates decreasing with their level of bromination, as the effluent plume rises to its depth of neutral buoyancy (ca. 50 m). The much lower dissolved PBDE concentrations measured in the northern SoG, Haro Strait and Juan de Fuca Strait reflects dilution of the effluent plume by mixing and removal of dissolved PBDE by adsorption on settling marine particles. The large temporal variability of dissolved PBDE concentration in the southern SoG is related to hydrography and the time of residence of the sampled water in the SoG. The lower concentrations of dissolved PBDE predicted by the Salish Sea box model by adding PBDE in the SoG at a rate equivalent to effluent discharge from waste water treatment plants measured in 2003 indicate a higher effluent PBDE concentration in recent years or another dissolved PBDE subsurface source yet to be identified.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".