Mechanical, electrical, linear, and nonlinear optical behavior of gamma-irradiated thiourea-doped lithium sulfate single crystals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A thiourea-doped lithium sulfate single crystal was grown by the solution growth slow evaporation technique. The unit cell parameters of the grown crystal determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies indicated that the crystal belongs to a monoclinic crystal system with noncentrosymmetric space group P2. Ultraviolet–visible spectral study signified that the crystal possesses an energy gap of 4.54 eV with 68% transparency in the visible region. The grown crystals were irradiated by Co-60 gamma radiation with different doses of 10 kGy, 30 kGy, and 50 kGy and the effects on powder XRD, dielectric properties, mechanical hardness, linear transmittance, and second harmonic generation (SHG) of the crystal were studied. It is observed that the crystallite size, energy gap, and transparency decreased, whereas the dielectric constant, AC conductivity, microhardness, and SHG efficiency increased with an increase in radiation dose.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".