Oxidative and Antioxidative Stress Linked Biomarkers in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the axial skeleton, leading to joint disability. Our study aims at investigating the change of oxidative and antioxidative stress linked biomarkers in AS. Methods. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases till May 2020 were searched. Only articles published in English were included. Two reviewers screened relevant studies, extracted data, and assessed the quality of included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale independently. Either random or fixed effect model was adopted base on the heterogeneity testing by <inline-formula> <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"> <a:msup> <a:mrow> <a:mi>I</a:mi> </a:mrow> <a:mrow> <a:mn>2</a:mn> </a:mrow> </a:msup> </a:math> </inline-formula> statistic. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of oxidative and antioxidative markers were calculated. <inline-formula> <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"> <c:mi>p</c:mi> </c:math> </inline-formula> value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. A total of 22 studies including 931 AS patients and 917 healthy controls met the selection criteria. Significantly increased levels of all oxidative stress markers except myeloperoxidase, and significantly decreased levels of total antioxidant status (<inline-formula> <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"> <e:mtext>SMD</e:mtext> <e:mo>=</e:mo> <e:mo>−</e:mo> <e:mn>1.19</e:mn> </e:math> </inline-formula>, 95% CI -2.35 to -0.03, <inline-formula> <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"> <g:mi>p</g:mi> <g:mo>=</g:mo> <g:mn>0.044</g:mn> </g:math> </inline-formula>) and paraoxonase 1(<inline-formula> <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"> <i:mtext>SMD</i:mtext> <i:mo>=</i:mo> <i:mo>−</i:mo> <i:mn>1.01</i:mn> </i:math> </inline-formula>, 95% CI -1.78 to -0.24, <inline-formula> <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"> <k:mi>p</k:mi> <k:mo>=</k:mo> <k:mn>0.010</k:mn> </k:math> </inline-formula>) in serum were observed in AS patients when compared with healthy controls. However, there were no significant differences of all oxidative and anti-oxidative stress biomarkers in erythrocytes. Additionally, the levels of malondialdehyde (<inline-formula> <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7"> <m:mtext>SMD</m:mtext> <m:mo>=</m:mo> <m:mn>0.51</m:mn> </m:math> </inline-formula>, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.81, <inline-formula> <o:math xmlns:o="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8"> <o:mi>p</o:mi> <o:mo>=</o:mo> <o:mn>0.001</o:mn> </o:math> </inline-formula>) and advanced oxidation protein products (<inline-formula> <q:math xmlns:q="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9"> <q:mtext>SMD</q:mtext> <q:mo>=</q:mo> <q:mn>0.95</q:mn> </q:math> </inline-formula>, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.31, <inline-formula> <s:math xmlns:s="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M10"> <s:mi>p</s:mi> <s:mo><</s:mo> <s:mn>0.001</s:mn> </s:math> </inline-formula>) in serum were significantly higher in active patients when compared with inactive AS patients. Conclusion. This meta-analysis demonstrated an overall increase of oxidative markers and decrease of antioxidative markers in AS, suggesting that oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.016 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".