Track-and-Zoom Neural Analog-to-Digital Converter With Blind Stimulation Artifact Rejection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Closed-loop neuromodulation for the treatment of neurological disorders requires monitoring of the brain activity uninterruptedly even during neurostimulation. This article presents a bidirectional 32-channel CMOS neural interface that can record neural activity during stimulation. Each channel consists of a dc-coupled Δ2Σ-modulated analog-to-digital converter (neural-ADC), which records slow potentials (2Σ-ADC consumes 1.7 μW from 0.6-V/1.2-V digital/analog supplies and time-shares the modulator's feedback DAC as the multi-bit current-mode stimulator operating at 3.3 V. The ADC occupies a silicon area of 0.023 mm2in the 130-nm CMOS and achieves a signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR) of 70 dB over the 500-Hz bandwidth and an equivalent noise efficiency factor (NEF) of 2.86 without a stand-alone front-end amplifier. The 32-channel bidirectionally interfacing prototype is validated in the in vivo whole brain of a rodent.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".