Book Review of Spain in Our Hearts: Americans in the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In October 1938, over 300,000 Spaniards lined the streets of Barcelona to honor two hundred Americans and other survivors of the International Brigades who had fought in the Spanish Civil War.The soldiers and nurses were part of the roughly 2,800 Americans who, in the midst of the Great Depression, defied the U.S. government and volunteered to support the Republican struggle against the military uprising of General Francisco Franco and the Nationalists.In Spain in Our Hearts: Americans in the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939, Adam Hochschild chronicles the experiences of American volunteers and journalists in Spain on the eve of the Second World War.Combined with leftists from countries such as Canada, Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union, the Americans faced inadequate training and supplies as well as a savage civil war in which the Nationalists relied on significant military support from Nazi Germany and fascist Italy.The result was Franco's victory in 1939, unprecedented casualty rates for American soldiers, and, despite the cheering crowds in Barcelona and cries that the "crusaders for freedom" would never be forgotten, a poignant anti-fascist effort by Americans that remains largely missing from dominant historical accounts centered on World War II (337).Hochschild's engaging narrative includes familiar characters such as Ernest Hemingway, George Orwell, and Pablo Picasso, whose role in the Spanish Civil War often blurred the line between journalism, art, and combatant.However, the strength of Spain in Our Hearts is the author's account of a diverse group of unknown American men and women-communists, socialists, anarchists, workers, students, Jews, and African Americanswhose commitment to economic and social justice during the Depression made Spain's brutal civil war "a moral and political
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".