Frequency-Tunable Parity-Time-Symmetric Optoelectronic Oscillator Using a Polarization-Dependent Sagnac Loop
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A widely frequency-tunable parity-time (PT) symmetric optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) implemented based on a single polarization-dependent Sagnac loop is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Two mutually coupled feedback loops having an identical geometry with balanced gain and loss are implemented to achieve PT-symmetry, which is essential for single-mode selection without using an ultra-narrow passband microwave filter. In the implementation, a Sagnac loop consisting of a polarization beam splitter (PBS) and two polarization controllers (PCs) is employed which functions equivalently as two mutually coupled feedback loops, with the gain, loss and coupling coefficient being independently controllable. Since only a single physical loop is used, the implementation is greatly simplified and the stability is highly improved. The operation of the proposed OEO is experimentally verified. Stable single-mode oscillation with a wide frequency tunable range from 2 to 12 GHz is achieved. The phase noise is -128 dBc/Hz at an offset frequency of 10 kHz.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".