The death of <i>Political Economy</i>: A retrospective overview of economic thought
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In following pages, the author attempts to present his thesis that the traditional social science of Political Economy is vrtually dead for long. He contends that fairly developed science had existed since 2500 BC in Mesopotamia, Egypt, China and India. The ill-fated demise of the science began in the early 17th century, and was partly accomplished in the third quarter of 19th century, that too with the rise of the Austrian School, when Carl Menger and his followers, launched their attack (against their predecessors – the Classists, Marx and the Socialists) by introducing the utility theory and the concept of marginalism, thereby developing an alternative school of economic thought. Nevertheless, the final blow was struck by Alfred Marshall, who by completely ignoring the contents of the old science, invented an entirely new conceptual web of microeconomics that made the science an ultimate victim. Tutored under Marshall, J. M. Keynes, by launching his theory of employment, interest and money, also took part in the episode. The science of political economy was dead by the end of the 1930s.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".