Dental Health and Dietary Difference at Late Roman Winchester
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gendered experiences are not static but are influenced by other aspects of identity. This study investigates the influence of interrelated aspects of identity on diet through an analysis of dental health at Late Roman Winchester (fourth and fifth centuries A.D.), England. Specifically, we investigate the influence of age and social status on gendered dietary experiences. Antemortem tooth loss (AMTL), carious lesions, and tooth wear were recorded for 186 adults (20+ years) and compared between sex-, age-, and status-based groups, using burial type as a proxy for status. Mann-Whitney U tests indicate that females had significantly higher rates of total carious lesions than males (p < 0.05) in the combined sample, while old adult males exhibited higher rates of posterior tooth wear than females, and middle adult males presented lower rates of AMTL than females. When burial type is also incorporated, a more variable picture emerges. In monumental constructions the sexes exhibited no differences in dental health, whereas in earthen pits and coffins both age and sex affected the prevalence of dental disease.These results suggest that gendered dietary experiences at Late Roman Winchester were partly dependent on social status and age and may be associated with differences in occupations or daily activities. By incorporating multiple aspects of identity, this study moves beyond broad-scale patterns of dental health, providing a more nuanced understanding of gendered experiences in Roman Britain, and demonstrates how cross-cutting variables of identity can be used to better understand the past. Las experiencias diferenciadas por género no son estáticas sino influenciadas por otros aspectos de identidad. Este estudio investiga la influencia de los aspectos interrelacionados de la identidad sobre la dieta a través de un análisis de la salud dental en la época romana tardía (4-5 º siglo, dc), en Winchester, Inglaterra. En concreto, se investiga la influencia de la edad y el estatus social sobre las experiencias dietéticas según género. La pérdida de dientes ante mortem (AMTL), las lesiones cariosas y el desgaste de los dientes fueron registrados en 186 adultos (20 años y más) y luego comparado entre el sexo, la edad y los grupos basados en estatus, utilizando el tipo de entierro como representante del estatus. Las pruebas Mann-Whitney U indican que las mujeres tenían tasas significativamente más altas de lesiones cariosas en total que los machos (p < .05) en la muestra combinada, mientras que los viejos adultos machos mostraron mayores tasas de desgaste de dientes posteriores que las hembras, y los machos medios adultos presentaron menores tasas de AMTL que las hembras. Cuando el tipo de entierro también se incorpora, una imagen más variable aparece. En construcciones monumentales, los sexos no mostraron diferencias en la salud dental, mientras que en los pozos de tierras y en los ataúdes, la edad y el sexo ambos afectaron la prevalencia de la enfermedad dental.Estos resultados sugieren que las experiencias dietéticas de los géneros en Winchester en la época romana tardía fueron parcialmente dependientes del estatus social y la edad, y puede estar asociadas con diferencias de ocupaciones o actividades diarias. Mediante la incorporación de múltiples aspectos de identidad, este estudio va más allá de la amplia escala de los patrones de salud dental, proporcionando una comprensión más matizada de las experiencias según género en la Gran Bretaña Romana y muestra cómo variables transversales de identidad pueden ser utilizados para mejor comprender el pasado.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.033 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".