Unilateral triple mandibular canal with double mandibular foramen: cone-beam computed tomography findings of an unexpected anatomical variant
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mandibular canal is a bony channel located within the spongiosa of the mandible. The main structure contained in the mandibular canal is the inferior alveolar nerve. The inferior alveolar nerve is a very important structure that requires due consideration during dental or surgical procedures involving the mandible. Therefore, a detailed morphological analysis of the mandibular canal should be carried out before any surgical procedure in the mandibular region in order to avoid complications and to reduce the risk of inadequate local nerve blocking. The human mandible typically has a single mandibular canal on each side; however, accessory mandibular canals have been described previously in the literature. The most common variant of the mandibular canal is the bifid mandibular canal, which has a prevalence ranging from 10% to 66% on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations. A rare variant of bifid mandibular canal is the trifid canal, accounting for less than 6% of all bifid canals. In some cases, the bifid and trifid mandibular canals are associated with a double mandibular foramen, which is a rare anatomical variant with a reported incidence of 1.35% on CBCT images. Herein, we present the interesting CBCT images of an unexpected anatomical variant characterised by unilateral triple mandibular canal with double mandibular foramen in a young Caucasian woman.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".