CO<sub>2</sub>-Derived Manganese-Oxide Carbon Composites As Electrode Materials for Fuel Cells and Supercapacitors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Boron-doped porous carbon impregnated with manganese oxide were synthesized from sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) under a moderate experimental condition (1 bar and 500 ℃) by a facile two-step method. The boron-manganese oxide-carbon nanocomposites exhibited enhanced electrochemical properties in both electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and electrode materials for supercapacitors. The composites showed a four electron transfer pathway and had electrocatalytic activity comparable to that of commercial platinum-carbon catalyst. They also provided a high capacitance (150 F g-1 at 1.0 A g-1 and 136 F g-1 at 10.0 A g-1) compared to that of bare boron-doped carbon (58 F g-1 at 1.0 A g-1 and 15 F g-1 at 10.0 A g-1) due to generation of new active sites, increase in specific surface area, and reduction of overall resistance by efficient interaction within the composites.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".