Induced Protic Behaviour in Aprotonic Ionic Liquids by Anion Basicity for Efficient Carbon Dioxide Capture
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The interactions between aprotonic tetrabutylphosphonium carboxylate ionic liquids (ILs), [P 4 4 4 4 ][C n COO] ( n =1, 2 and 7), and water were investigated. The cation‐anion interactions occur via the α ‐ 1 H on [P 4 4 4 4 ] + and the carboxylate headgroup of the anion. Upon addition, H 2 O localises around the carboxylate headgroups, inducing an electron inductive effect towards the oxygens, leading to ion‐pair separation. Studies with D 2 O and [P 4 4 4 4 ][C n COO] revealed protic behaviour of the systems, with proton/deuterium exchange occurring at the α‐ 1 H of the cation, promoted by the basicity of the anion, forming an intermediate ylide. The greater influence of van der Waals forces of the [P 4 4 4 4 ][C 7 COO] system allows for re‐orientation of the ions through larger interdigitation. The protic behaviour of the neat ILs allows for CO 2 to be chemically absorbed on the ylide intermediate, forming a phosphonium‐carboxylate zwitterion, signifying proton exchange occurs even in the absence of H 2 O. The absorption of CO 2 in equimolar IL‐H 2 O mixtures forms a hydrogen carbonate, through a proposed reaction of the CO 2 with an intermediate hydroxide, and carboxylic acid.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".