A Grandmother‐Inclusive Approach to Community Nutrition Education Improves Infant and Young Child Feeding Outcomes in Southern Sierra Leone
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Suboptimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices contribute to child undernutrition in Sierra Leone. We examined whether a grandmother‐inclusive approach to nutrition‐related social and behavior change could improve maternal diet and IYCF outcomes in southern Sierra Leone. The GM‐inclusive approach is grounded in formative ethnographic research and builds on GMs' culturally‐designated role as advisors and caregivers and aims to strengthen their knowledge and confidence to promote positive change for maternal and child health. Following mixed methods formative research, World Vision implemented a quasi‐experimental proof of concept study in two sections in the Bum Chiefdom, Bonthe Sierra Leone. The villages of one section received the grandmother‐inclusive approach consisting of monthly participatory nutrition education sessions with GM, quarterly community praise sessions focused on the attributes of and supportive roles of GM, the identification and support of GM leaders as change agents for maternal and child health and intergenerational forums. Villages in the control section received the standard of care for nutrition education provided by the Ministry of Health. The endline survey utilized a census based sampling strategy and surveyed all women in the study communities who were pregnant or had a child less than 2 years of age. Data were collected on household sociodemographics, maternal diet and IYCF knowledge, attitudes, and intentions/practices. Preliminary analyses examined differences in proportions between intervention and comparison participants with chi‐square. At endline, infants (n=291) were on average 11.8± 6.9 months of age and 52.2% were female. The proportion of 0–23 month olds exclusively breastfed during the first week of life was significantly higher in the intervention group (90.2% vs 79.4%, P =0.01) but there were no statistically significant differences in other breastfeeding practices. Among infants 6–23 months, the proportion achieving minimum dietary diversity (77.2% vs 51.8%, P <0.001) and minimum acceptable diet (53.8% vs 22.6%, P <0.001) was significantly higher in the intervention group. Differences in the proportions achieving minimum meal frequency were only significant for infants 9–23 months of age with a greater proportion of infants in the intervention group achieving minimum meal frequency (54.6% vs 36.9%, P =0.02). Preliminary analyses suggest that a grandmother‐inclusive approach that recognizes GMs' role in child nutrition and health and strengthens their knowledge can contribute to improved IYCF practices. Support or Funding Information Support provided by World Vision Canada, Nutrition Centre of Expertise, World Vision Germany, World Vision Sierra Leone and the Emory University Global Field Experiences Program.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".