Stocking and Collection History of the Brown Bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) in Kansas with a Recent Record
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Brown Bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) was first documented in Kansas at a United States Fish and Wildlife Service fish hatchery near Farlington, Kansas in 1955. Some early stockings occurred, but the full extent is unknown. Historical distribution information on the species was limited to three collection records deposited as museum vouchers and two records noted in early manuscripts. We performed a review of the species in Kansas, including information from the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism's Fish Sampling Database, museum vouchers, and literature records to determine its known extent in Kansas. The Brown Bullhead has been documented from eleven water bodies throughout six counties. Eight of these records were from impoundments or government-managed wetlands and two records were from streams. Most observations in Kansas occurred in the 1990's, or earlier. The restricted timeframe of most of the collections leaves these populations in doubt, especially considering impoundment renovations that have occurred throughout the last several decades. However, we document a 2019 collection from Ottawa State Fishing Lake, Ottawa County, Kansas. We collected nine Brown Bullhead in this impoundment from June and July 2019. The species has not been documented at any other water body in Kansas since 2004.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".