Routes and roots: factors that drive labour mobility in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In theory and practice, it has been noted that the length of daily commutes range from under 15 minutes to over one hour each way, often involving distances greater than 50 km. Both rural and urban residents make the decision to engage in extended daily commutes rather than relocate closer to their place of work. Using the Newfoundland and Labrador nickel processing sector as a case study, this paper identifies the factors that influence them to commute extended periods on a daily basis, including economic considerations, amenities, sense of belonging, and the nature of the commute. Mobile workers are more inclined to travel greater distances for work if the salary is an improvement from their current employment and if there are no opportunities available for work for their spouse. Further, an individual’s source community, or the community where they permanent reside, provides greater accessibility to location-based capital while off work. These factors influence the worker to engage in extended daily commuting despite the stress and the longer workdays associated with labour mobility.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".