Flue Gas Derived Carbon Electrocatalysts for Enhancing Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Flue gas was directly converted into carbon materials with the doping of iron, boron and nitrogen atom. The B-N doping was achieved in a single step with the carbonization of flue gas and subsequently, the Fe atom was incorporated into the material using the iron precursor (FeCl3). The synthesized Fe-N-B co-doped carbon materials showed enhanced electrochemical activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which is comparable to that of commercial platinum catalysts. The effect of various FeN/C ratios by varying the amount of iron species in the synthesis step was investigated, and the clear correlation between the doping of Fe/N and electrochecmical activity was confirmed. The optimized iron weight ratio was 33 % due to the existence of Fe-N pyridinic bonding in the carbon lattices without agglomeration of Fe species. The high electrocatalytic activity toward ORR and long-term durability for 10,000 cycles of synthesized Fe-N-C composites indicate that flue gas itself can be an effective precursor for efficient carbon-based electrocatalysts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".