Virtual histology of multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral cortex in young men
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neurobiology underlying inter-regional variations - across the human cerebral cortex - in measures derived with multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is poorly understood. Here, we characterize inter-regional variations in a large number of such measures, including T1 and T2 relaxation times, myelin water fraction (MWF), T1w/T2w ratio, mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and cortical thickness. We then employ a virtual-histology approach and relate these inter-regional profiles to those in cell-specific gene expression. Virtual histology revealed that most MRI-derived measures, including T1, T2 relaxation time, MWF, T1w/T2w ratio, MTR, FA and cortical thickness, are associated with expression profiles of genes specific to CA1 pyramidal cells; these genes are enriched in biological processes related to dendritic arborisation. In addition, T2 relaxation time, MWF and T1w/T2w ratio are associated with oligodendrocyte-specific gene-expression profiles, supporting their use as measures sensitive to intra-cortical myelin. MWF contributes more variance than T1w/T2w ratio to the mean oligodendrocyte expression profile, suggesting greater sensitivity to myelin. These cell-specific MRI associations may help provide a framework for determining which MRI sequences to acquire in studies with specific neurobiological hypotheses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".