Correlation between apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and the urine level of Alzheimer-associated neuronal thread protein in patients with Alzheimer′s disease and mild cognitive impairment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To explore the correlation between apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphism and urine Alzheimer-associated neuronal thread protein (AD7c-NTP) level in patients with Alzheimer′s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods The cognitive function of 30 AD patients (AD group), 30 MCI patients (MCI group) and 30 normal controls (NC group) was evaluated by neuropsychological batteries like MMSE, the Cambridge Cognitive Examination-Chinese Version (CAMCOG-C), etc. ELISA was used to test the urine level of AD7c-NTP. The genotypes of ApoE were analyzed by the high-resolution melting assay in blood samples. Results Compared with the NC group (0.59 (0.40, 0.66) ng/ml), the urine level of AD7c-NTP in the AD group (1.03(0.80, 1.41) ng/ml) and the MCI group (0.69(0.53, 0.91) ng/ml) was increased (Z=33.727, P<0.01). The urine level of AD7c-NTP in the AD group was higher than that in the MCI group (Z=8.232, P<0.05). The level of AD7c-NTP in urine was negatively correlated with MMSE and CAMCOG-C scores (rMMSE=-0.604, P<0.01; rCAMCOG-C=-0.486, P<0.01). According to receiver operating characteristic curve, the optimal cutoff point of AD7c-NTP in urine for diagnosis of patients including AD and MCI was 0.70 ng/ml, with sensitivity of 71.7% and specificity of 83.3%, and area under the curve of 0.82 (95% CI 0.73-0.90, P<0.05). There were four genotypes comprising e2/3, e3/3, e3/4 and e4/4 for ApoE gene. The frequencies of e4 carriers were 46.7% (14/30), 23.3% (7/30) and 23.3% (7/30) in the AD, MCI and NC groups, respectively. There was a notable increase in urine AD7c-NTP and a significant decrease in CAMCOG-C scores in MCI patients who harbored the ApoE e4 allele (ZAD7c-NTP=4.857, P<0.05; ZCAMCOG-C=4.284, P<0.05). Conclusions The urine level of AD7c-NTP was significantly increased in AD and MCI patients, the higher the level of AD7c-NTP, the more serious the cognitive impairment. The e4 carriers exhibited higher urine level of AD7c-NTP, but worse cognitive function compared to e4 non-carriers in the MCI group. Key words: Alzheimer disease; Cognition disorders; Alzheimer associated-neuronal thread protein; Apolipoproteins E; Polymorphism, single nucleotide
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".