Development of Minimally Invasive 13C-Glucose Breath Test to Examine Different Dietary Therapies in Patients with Glycogen Storage Disorders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objectives of the current study were: 1) to establish the use of ,13C-Glucose Breath Test (,13C-GBT) and its oxidation to ,13CO2 as a minimally invasive technique to examine in vivo glucose oxidation in healthy adults, and 2) to measure the utilization of uncooked cornstarch (UCCS) and Glycosade® in patients with glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD-Ia) and healthy controls using ,13C-GBT, based on the natural enrichment of ,13C in UCCS and Glycosade®. Experiment 1- Ten healthy adults (22 – 33y) underwent ,13C-GBT protocols twice as a proof-of-principle, once without oral isotope dose (only D-glucose 75 g/d) and once with isotope (D-glucose 75 g/d + U-,13C-glucose 75 mg/d). Breath samples were collected at baseline and every 20 min for 240 min to measure ,13CO2. Experiment 2- Two patients (12 and 28y) with GSD-Ia and five healthy controls (10 – 32y) underwent ,13C-GBT protocols twice. Subjects received UCCS or Glycosade® orally (based on their current prescribed dose 42 – 100 g) after a 4 hour fast according to GSD-Ia fasting tolerance. Breath samples were collected at baseline and every 30 min for 240 min. ,13CO2 oxidation of glucose from UCCS and Glycosade® were measured using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer and compared using a paired t-test. Blood glucose was measured using a glucometer hourly to test hypoglycemia (≤3.4 mmol/L). Results 1- The mean rate of ,13CO2 in all healthy adults from D-glucose without U-,13C-glucose 0.435 ± 0.162 was significantly lower than the mean rate of ,13CO2 in the same group with U-,13C-glucose 3.518 ± 0.988. The peak occurred at 200 minutes in all healthy adults without and with U-,13C-glucose. Results 2- Glucose oxidation from Glycosade® was lower than glucose oxidation from UCCS in the 12y GSD-Ia. Glucose oxidation from UCCS and Glycosade® remained the same in the 28y GSD-Ia. However, oxidation of glucose by the 28y GSD-Ia for both starches displayed a higher rate, compared to age matched controls. Our results show that the minimally invasive,13C-GBT test over 4 hours can be useful to examine glucose metabolism from various exogenous carbohydrate sources in GSD. Future studies are needed to use ,13C-GBT in response to different doses to determine optimal glucose management in GSD patients. Saudi Arabian Cultural Bureau, Ottawa and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".